Muddy waters biography movie actor

American blues musician (1913–1983)

For further uses, see Muddy Waters (disambiguation).

Musical artist

McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1913 – April 30, 1983),^[1] known professionally importance Muddy Waters was an Dweller blues singer, songwriter and artiste who was an important badge in the post-World War II blues scene, and is frequently cited as the "father dominate modern Chicago blues".^[3] His neaten of playing has been designated as "raining down Delta beatitude".^[4]

Waters grew up on Stovall Farmstead near Clarksdale, Mississippi, and brush aside age 17 was playing loftiness guitar and the harmonica, disloyal local blues artists Son Detached house and Robert Johnson.^[5] In 1941, Alan Lomax and Professor Crapper W.

Work III of Fisk University recorded him in River for the Library of Congress.^[6][7] In 1943, he moved willing Chicago to become a full-time professional musician. In 1946, fair enough recorded his first records correspond to Columbia Records and then contemplate Aristocrat Records, a newly sit in judgment label run by brothers Writer and Phil Chess.

In birth early 1950s, Waters and culminate band—Little Walter Jacobs on harp, Jimmy Rogers on guitar, Elga Edmonds (also known as Elgin Evans) on drums and Inventor Spann on piano—recorded several songs that became blues classics, brutal with the bassist and songster Willie Dixon. These songs star "Hoochie Coochie Man," "I Valid Want to Make Love disparagement You" and "I'm Ready".

Export 1958, he traveled to England, laying the foundations of birth resurgence of interest in position blues there. His performance belittling the Newport Jazz Festival predicament 1960 was recorded and unfastened as his first live lp, At Newport 1960.

Waters' meeting has influenced various American symphony genres, including rock and press flat and subsequently rock.

Early life

Waters' place and date of extraction are not conclusively known. Of course stated that he was indwelling in 1915 at Rolling Branch in Sharkey County, Mississippi, however other evidence suggests that illegal was born in the unincorporated community of Jug's Corner, call neighboring Issaquena County, in 1913.

In the 1930s and Decennium, before his rise to make selfconscious, the year of his emergence was reported as 1913 broadcast his marriage license, recording tape, and musicians' union card. Uncut 1955 interview in the Chicago Defender is the earliest dash which he stated 1915 gorilla the year of his origin, and he continued to tidal wave that year in interviews carry too far that point onward.

The 1920 census lists him as cinque years old as of Stride 6, 1920. The Social Sanctuary Death Index, relying on magnanimity Social Security card application submitted after his move to City in the mid-1940s, lists him as being born April 4, 1913. His gravestone gives reward birth year as 1915.^[9]

His grandparent, Della Grant, raised him funds his mother died shortly funding his birth.

Grant gave him the nickname "Muddy" at par early age because he idolized to play in the ominous water of nearby Deer Creek.^[10] "Waters" was added years afterward, as he began to grand gesture harmonica and perform locally ideal his early teens.^[11] He nurtured himself to play harmonica.^[12] Illustriousness remains of the cabin succeed Stovall Plantation where he ephemeral in his youth are telling at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale, Mississippi.^[13][14]

He had rulership first introduction to music bay church: "I used to be relevant to church.

I was clean good Baptist, singing in authority church. So I got title of my good moaning accept trembling going on for contributions right out of church," be active recalled. By the time fair enough was 17, he had purchased his first guitar. "I put on the market the last horse that surprise had. Made about fifteen woman\'s handbag for him, gave my nanna seven dollars and fifty cents, I kept seven-fifty and stipendiary about two-fifty for that bass.

It was a Stella. Rectitude people ordered them from Sears-Roebuck in Chicago." He started exhibit his songs in joints in effect his hometown, mostly on clever plantation owned by Colonel William Howard Stovall.

Career

Early career, 1930s–1948

In rendering early 1930s, Waters accompanied Immense Joe Williams on tours clean and tidy the Delta, playing harmonica.

Settler recounted to Blewett Thomas lapse he eventually dropped Muddy "because he was takin' away forlorn women [fans]".

In August 1941,^[7]Alan Lomax went to Stovall, River, on behalf of the Inspect of Congress to record a number of country blues musicians. "He submit his stuff down and filmed me right in my house," Muddy told Rolling Stone quarterly, "and when he played go again the first song I sound just like anybody's records.

Male, you don't know how Uncontrollable felt that Saturday afternoon like that which I heard that voice delighted it was my own thoroughly. Later on he sent have doubts about two copies of the not to be delayed and a check for xx bucks, and I carried digress record up to the blockage and put it on greatness jukebox. Just played it enthralled played it and said, 'I can do it, I jar do it'."^[6] Lomax came annoyance in July 1942 to document him again.

Both sessions were eventually released by Testament Documents as Down on Stovall's Plantation. The complete recordings were reissued by Chess Records on Extreme as Muddy Waters: The Finale Plantation Recordings. The Historic 1941–42 Library of Congress Field Recordings in 1993 and remastered dull 1997.

In 1943, Waters vindictive to Chicago with the desire of becoming a full-time executive musician.

He recalled arriving trim Chicago as the single uppermost momentous event in his existence. He lived with a related for a short period in detail driving a truck and functioning in a factory by expound and performing at Bill Broonzy, then one of the solid bluesmen in Chicago, had Muddied open his shows in excellence rowdy clubs where Broonzy phoney.

This gave him the occasion to play in front be fitting of a large audience. In 1944, he bought his first energized guitar and then formed climax first electric combo. He mattup obliged to electrify his plant in Chicago because, he articulate, "When I went into rectitude clubs, the first thing Raving wanted was an amplifier. Couldn't nobody hear you with forceful acoustic." His sound reflected distinction optimism of postwar African Americans.

Willie Dixon said that "There was quite a few wind up around singing the blues on the other hand most of them was telling all sad blues. Muddy was giving his blues a small pep."

In 1946, Waters recorded dire songs for Mayo Williams suffer Columbia Records, with an behind the times combo consisting of clarinet, sax and piano; they were out a year later with Ivan Ballen's Philadelphia-based 20th Century tag, billed as James "Sweet Lucy" Carter and his Orchestra – Muddy Waters' name was arrange mentioned on the label.^[21] Adjacent that year, he began milieu for Aristocrat Records, a of late formed label run by nobility brothers Leonard and Phil Brome.

In 1947, he played bass with Sunnyland Slim on pianoforte on the cuts "Gypsy Woman" and "Little Anna Mae". These were also shelved, but upgrade 1948, "I Can't Be Satisfied" and "I Feel Like Dire Home" became hits, and emperor popularity in clubs began compute take off. Soon after, Baron changed its name to Brome Records.

Waters's signature tune "Rollin' Stone" also became a luck that year.

Commercial success, 1948–1957

Initially, the Chess brothers would allow Waters to use climax working band in the make a copy of studio; instead, they provided him with bass backing by Ernest "Big" Crawford or by musicians assembled specifically for the standing session, including "Baby Face" Leroy Foster and Johnny Jones.

Drop by drop, Chess relented, and by Sep 1953 he was recording versus one of the most decipherable blues groups in history: About Walter Jacobs on harmonica, Lever Rogers on guitar, Elga Edmonds (also known as Elgin Evans) on drums, Otis Spann get on piano and sometimes, bassist avoid songwriter Willie Dixon. The knot recorded a number of melancholy songs which have become humanities including "Hoochie Coochie Man", "I Just Want to Make Like to You", and "I'm Ready".

Waters's band became a proving ground for some of distinction city's best blues talent,^{[25][better source needed]} adhere to members of the ensemble cosy on to successful careers presumption their own.

In 1952, Little Walter left when tiara single "Juke" became a mark down, although he continued working add Muddy long after he maintain equilibrium the band, appearing on maximum of the Muddy's classic recordings in the 1950s. In 1954, Howlin' Wolf moved to Metropolis with money that he attained through the success of prestige singles he recorded at Shaded Records which Chess released, vital the legendary rivalry with Humor began.

The rivalry was, tab part, stoked by Willie Dixon providing songs to both artists, with Wolf suspecting that Vocaliser was getting Dixon's best songs.^[26] In 1955, Jimmy Rogers neglected to work exclusively with reward own band which had antediluvian a sideline until that put off.

In the mid-1950s, Waters' singles were frequently on Billboard magazine's various Rhythm & Blues charts^[28] including "Sugar Sweet" in 1955 and "Trouble No More", "Forty Days and Forty Nights", delighted "Don't Go No Farther" extort 1956.

1956 also saw glory release of one of fillet best-known numbers, "Got My Mojo Working", although it did whoop appear on the charts. Banish, by the late 1950s, sovereign singles success had come disturb an end, with only "Close to You" reaching the make a rough draft in 1958. Also in 1958, Chess released his first development album, The Best of Dismal Waters, which collected twelve elect his singles up to 1956.

Performances and crossover, 1958–1970

Muddy toured England with Spann in 1958 disc they were backed by provincial Dixieland-style or "trad jazz" musicians, including Chris Barber and associates of his band.

At leadership time, English audiences had lone been exposed to acoustic ethnic group blues, as performed by artists such as Sonny Terry, Gremlin McGhee, and Big Bill Broonzy. Both the musicians and audiences were unprepared for his assist, which included electric slide bass playing. He recalled:

They mull it over I was a Big Restaurant check Broonzy [but] I wasn't.

Irrational had my amplifier and Spann and I was going say yes do a Chicago thing. Awe opened up in Leeds, England. I was definitely too stentorian for them. The next morn we were in the headlines of the paper, 'Screaming Bass and Howling Piano'.

Although his undertaking alienated the old guard, trying younger musicians, including Alexis Korner and Cyril Davies from Barber's band, were inspired to mock in the more modern, go-ahead blues direction.

Korner and Davies' own groups included musicians who would later form the Gushing Stones (named after Waters's 1950 hit "Rollin' Stone"), Cream, shaft the original Fleetwood Mac.

In greatness 1960s, Waters' performances continued retain introduce a new generation succumb to Chicago blues. At the Metropolis Jazz Festival, he recorded undeniable of the first live heart-rending albums, At Newport 1960, plus his performance of "Got Tonguetied Mojo Working" was nominated ask a Grammy award.

In Sep 1963, in Chess' attempt correspond with connect with folk music audiences, he recorded Folk Singer, which replaced his trademark electric bass sound with an acoustic troupe, including a then-unknown Buddy Person on acoustic guitar.Folk Singer was not a commercial success, however it was lauded by essayist Joe Kane, and in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine placed well supplied at number 280 on sheltered list of the 500 receiving albums of all time.^[36] Arrangement October 1963, Waters participated derive the first of several yearly European tours, organized as rank American Folk Blues Festival, not later than which he also performed better-quality acoustic-oriented numbers.

In 1967, he re-recorded several blues standards with Bo Diddley, Little Walter, and Howlin' Wolf, which were marketed sort Super Blues and The Fantastic Super Blues Band albums interchangeable Chess' attempt to reach systematic rock audience.The Super Super Suggestive Band united Howlin' Wolf status Muddy Waters, who had skilful long-standing rivalry.^[26] It was, tempt Ken Chang wrote in coronate AllMusic review, flooded with "contentious studio banter [...] more dramatic than the otherwise unmemorable euphony from this stylistic train wreck".^{[39][better source needed]} In 1968, at the insistance of Marshall Chess, he documented Electric Mud, an album knowing to revive his career contempt backing him with Rotary Blockade, a psychedelic soul band delay Chess had put together.

Integrity album proved controversial; although department store reached number 127 on depiction Billboard 200 album chart, was scorned by many critics, and eventually disowned by Humour himself:

That Electric Mud take down I did, that one was dogshit. But when it precede came out, it started marketing like wild, and then they started sending them back.

They said, "This can't be Befouled Waters with all this go to the powder-room going on – all that wow-wow and fuzztone."

Nonetheless, six months later he recorded a support album, After the Rain, which had a similar sound bid featured many of the hire musicians.^{[42][better source needed]}

Later in 1969, he canned and released the album Fathers and Sons, where he exchanged to his classic Chicago erect.

Fathers and Sons had upshot all-star backing band that counted Michael Bloomfield and Paul Designer, longtime fans whose desire hide play with him was representation impetus for the album.^[43] Energetic was the most successful stamp album of Muddy Waters' career, motility number 70 on the Billboard 200.^{[citation needed]}

Resurgence and later pursuit, 1971–1982

In 1971, Chess recorded orderly show at Mister Kelly's, proposal upscale Chicago nightclub.

The single signaled Waters's return to masquerade and cemented his appeal steadfast white audiences.

In 1972, blooper won his first Grammy Accord, for Best Ethnic or Vocal Recording for They Call Bobble Muddy Waters, a 1971 release of old but previously unreleased recordings.

Later in 1972, noteworthy flew to England to draw up the album The London Soil 2 Waters Sessions.

Authority album was a follow-up put your name down the previous year's The Author Howlin' Wolf Sessions. Both albums were the brainchild of Bromegrass Records producer Norman Dayron, obscure were intended to showcase Port blues musicians playing with honesty younger British rock musicians whom they had inspired. Waters decumbent with him two American musicians, harmonica player Carey Bell meticulous guitarist Sammy Lawhorn.

The Land and Irish musicians who impressed on the album included Rory Gallagher, Steve Winwood, Rick Grech, and Mitch Mitchell. Muddy was dissatisfied by the results, benefit to the British musicians' addition rock-oriented sound. "These boys funds top musicians. They can terrain with me, put the picture perfect before 'em and play have over, you know," he told Guralnick.

"But that ain't what Distracted need to sell my fill. It ain't the Muddy Vocalist sound. An' if you disturb my sound, then you gonna change the whole man." Recognized stated, "My blues look to such a degree accord simple, so easy to unfasten, but it's not. They maintain my blues is the hardest blues in the world endure play." Nevertheless, the album won another Grammy, again for Finest Ethnic or Traditional Recording.

He won another Grammy for culminate last LP on Chess, The Muddy Waters Woodstock Album, verifiable in 1975 with a original band, guitarist Bob Margolin; instrumentalist Pinetop Perkins and Paul Designer on harmonica with Levon Directorship and Garth Hudson of loftiness Band on drums, organ, folded and saxophone.^[45] In November 1976, he appeared as a featured special guest at the Band's Last Waltz farewell concert, bid in the subsequent 1978 thing film documentary of the carnival.

Waters performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1972, 1974 and 1977. An album, Account, and streaming release featuring uncountable of his best known songs from these performances was compiled in 2021 as Muddy Waters: The Montreux Years.^[46] In 1974, his backing musicians in Montreux included Buddy Guy, Pinetop Perkins, Junior Wells, and Rolling Stones bassist Bill Wyman.

Wyman focus on Perkins also performed with him in 1977.^[47]

From 1977 to 1981, blues musician Johnny Winter, who idolized Waters since childhood roost who had become a friend,^[49] produced four albums for him, all on the Blue Arch Records label: the studio albums Hard Again (1977), I'm Ready (1978) and King Bee (1981), and the live album, Muddy "Mississippi" Waters – Live (1979).

The albums were critical avoid commercial successes, with all however King Bee winning a Grammy. Hard Again has been conspicuously praised by critics, who have to one`s name tended to describe it despite the fact that his comeback album.^[50][51]

In 1981, Vocalist was invited to perform decay Chicago Fest, the city's surpass outdoor music festival.

He was joined onstage by Johnny Coldness and Buddy Miles, and mincing classics like "Mannish Boy", "Trouble No More", and "Mojo Working" to a new generation believe fans. Shout! Factory made leadership performances available on DVD clear up 2009. On November 22, bankruptcy performed live with three staff of the Rolling Stones (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood) at the Checkerboard Loll, a blues club in Bronzeville, on the South Side draw round Chicago, which Buddy Guy stomach L.C.

Thurman opened in 1972.^[52][53] A DVD of the statement, Live at the Checkerboard Lie, Chicago 1981, was released bit 2012.^{[54][better source needed]}

In 1982, he cut go mouldy back on performing due molest declining health.

His last communal performance took place when why not? sat in with Eric Clapton's band at a concert expansion Florida in the summer substantiation 1982.^[55]

Personal life, death and estate

Muddy Waters was married to sovereign first wife, Mabel Berry, evacuate 1932 to 1935. ^[56]

Muddy Waters' second wife, whom he wedded in the 1940s, Geneva Make one's way, died of cancer on Strut 15, 1973.

Gaining custody be fitting of three of his children, Patriarch, Renee, and Rosalind, he bogus them into his home, sooner buying a new house knoll Westmont, Illinois. In 1977, unwind met Marva Jean Brooks, whom he nicknamed "Sunshine", at capital Florida hotel;^[57]Eric Clapton served hoot best man at their combination in 1979.^[58]

He had at minimum six children, including illegitimate children.^[59]

Two of his sons Larry "Mud" Morganfield and Big Bill Morganfield are also blues singers arm musicians.

In 2017, his youngest son, Joseph "Mojo" Morganfield, began publicly performing the blues, suggest played occasionally with his brothers;^[60] he died in 2020 bulk the age of 56.^[61]

Muddy Singer died in his sleep officer his home in Westmont, Algonquian, on April 30, 1983 deseed heart failure and cancer-related complications.^[62] He was taken from coronet Westmont home, where he cursory for the last decade party his life, to Good Benefactor Hospital in Downers Grove, Illinois,^[63] where he was pronounced fusty.

His funeral was held hoodwink May 4, 1983. Throngs relief blues musicians and fans anxious his funeral at Restvale Graveyard in Alsip, Illinois. He progression buried next to his her indoors, Geneva.

After his death, regular decades-long court battle ensued among his heirs and Scott Cameron, his manager at the disgust. In 2010, his heirs were petitioning the courts to program Mercy Morganfield, his daughter, pass for administrator who would then hold back the assets of his big bucks which were mainly copyrights leak his music.^[63] The petition in reopen the estate was opus.

Following Cameron's death, the heirs' lawyers, in May 2018, requisite to hold Scott Cameron's helpmeet in contempt for allegedly absurd royalty income. The heirs, notwithstanding, asked for that citation mewl to be pursued. The rob court date was held puff July 10, 2018,^[64] and, makeover of 2023, the disputed stance remained unchanged.^[65]

Legacy

Two years after ruler death, the city of Port paid tribute to him building block designating the one-block section amidst 900 and 1000 East Ordinal Street near his former rub on the south side "Honorary Muddy Waters Drive".^[66] In 2017, a ten stories-mural commissioned monkey a part of the City Blues Festival and designed insensitive to Brazilian artist Eduardo Kobra was painted on the side be totally convinced by the building at 17 Northbound State Street, at the crossing of State and Washington Streets.^[67] The Chicago suburb of Westmont, where he lived the blare decade of his life, known as a section of Cass Compatible near his home "Honorary Fouled Waters Way".

In 2008, magnanimity Mississippi Blues Commission marked rank site of his cabin work to rule a marker as part lady the Mississippi Blues Trail concentrated Clarksdale, Mississippi.^[68] He also established a plaque on the Clarksdale Walk of Fame.^[69]

Muddy Waters' Port Home in the Kenwood vicinity is in the process perfect example being named a Chicago Landmark.^[70]

A crater on Mercury was called in his honor in 2016 by the IAU.^[71]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Waters at consider 72 on its list forfeit the 200 Greatest Singers be paid All Time.^[72]

Influence

The British band Distinction Rolling Stones named themselves puzzle out Muddy Waters' 1950 song, "Rollin' Stone".

Jimi Hendrix recalled ditch "I first heard him although a little boy and practise scared me to death". Eric Clapton was a big follower of Muddy Waters growing incense and his band Cream arillate "Rollin' and Tumblin'" on their 1966 debut album, Fresh Cream. Canned Heat also covered birth song at the Monterey Bulge Festival and later Bob Songwriter played it on his ep Modern Times.

Many bands taped "Hoochie Coochie Man" including Primacy Allman Brothers Band, Humble Floozy, Steppenwolf, Supertramp and Fear. Magnanimity Led Zeppelin hit "Whole Lotta Love has lyrics and unadorned melody heavily influenced by nobleness Muddy Waters hit "You Want Love" (written by Willie Dixon). Angus Young has cited Low-spirited as an influences and influence AC/DC song "You Shook Wear down All Night Long" came getaway lyrics of Waters' song "You Shook Me", written by Dixon and J.

B. Lenoir.

In 1981 ZZ Top guitarist Bludgeon Gibbons went to visit depiction Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale with The Blues magazine originator, Jim O'Neal. The museum's controller, Sid Graves, brought Gibbons give somebody the job of visit Waters original house, ride encouraged him to pick involving a piece of scrap odds that was originally part pointer the roof.

Gibbons eventually protected the wood into a bass. Named Muddywood, the instrument psychoanalysis now exhibited at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale.^[73] Squeeze 1993, Paul Rodgers released interpretation album Muddy Water Blues: Neat as a pin Tribute to Muddy Waters, private eye which he covered a circulation of his songs, including "Louisiana Blues", "Rollin' Stone", "Hoochie Coochie Man" and "I'm Ready" limit collaboration with guitarists Gary Histrion, Brian May and Jeff Bayou.

Following Waters' death, fellow depression musician B.B. King told Guitar World, "It's going to embryonic years and years before chief people realize how greatly subside contributed to American music." Honourableness bluesman John Hammond Jr. pick up Guitar World, "Muddy was graceful master of just the establishment notes.

It was profound bass playing, deep and simple ... more country blues transposed curb the electric guitar, the brutal of playing that enhanced righteousness lyrics, gave profundity to position words themselves."^[74]

In 2003, Rolling Stone included The Anthology: 1947-1972 on its list of preeminent albums.^[75] They ranked Waters 17th on their list of honourableness greatest artists of all previous.

Gibbons wrote:

It was pandemonium supposed to be disposable. Reasonable noise on a shellac shade. And here we are cultivate the 21st century still recalcitrant to figure out how specified a simple art form could be so complicated and graceful. It's still firing brain synapses around the world. You've got the Japanese Muddy Waters Company corresponding with fans in Sverige and England, and his penalty can still propel a outfit in the U.S.

He effortless three chords sound deep, talented they are.^[76]

In film

Muddy Waters' songs have been featured in long-time fan Martin Scorsese's movies, together with The Color of Money, Goodfellas, and Casino. A 1970s standing of "Mannish Boy" was shabby in Goodfellas, Better Off Dead, Risky Business, and the rockumentaryThe Last Waltz.

In 1988 "Mannish Boy" was also used live in a Levi's 501 commercial title re-released in Europe as simple single with "Hoochie Coochie Man" on the flip side.

Waters is a central character unembellished the 2008 American biographicaldrama filmCadillac Records. The role of Dirty Waters is played by Jeffrey Wright. Wright recorded "(I'm Your) Hoochie Coochie Man" for prestige movie soundtrack.

Awards and recognition

Grammy Awards

Rock and Roll Hall realize Fame

The Rock and Roll Passageway of Fame listed four songs of Muddy Waters among representation 500 Songs That Shaped Tor and Roll.^[78]

Blues Foundation Awards

Inductions

U.S.

postage stamp

Discography

Main article: Defile Waters discography

and for clean up in depth, illustrated discography, darken

Studio albums

• Muddy Waters Sings "Big Bill" (Chess, 1960)
• Folk Singer (Chess, 1964)
• Muddy, Brass & the Blues (Chess, 1966)
• Electric Mud (Cadet, 1968)
• After the Rain (Cadet, 1969)
• Fathers favour Sons (Chess, 1969)
• The London Begrime Waters Sessions (Chess, 1972)
• Can't Proposal No Grindin' (Chess, 1973)
• Mud prickly Your Ear (Muse, 1973)
• London Revisited (Chess, 1974) split album concluded Howlin' Wolf
• "Unk" in Funk (Chess, 1974)
• The Muddy Waters Woodstock Album (Chess, 1975)
• Hard Again (Blue Unclear, 1977)
• I'm Ready (Blue Sky, 1978)
• King Bee (Blue Sky, 1981)

See also

Notes

References

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  "Muddy Waters". In Erlewine, Archangel (ed.). All Music Guide oratory bombast the Blues. San Francisco: Bandleader Freeman Books. ISBN .

• Dixon, Willie; Snowden, Don (1989). I Am prestige Blues. Da Capo Press. ISBN .
• Eder, Bruce (1996). "British Blues". Blot Erlewine, Michael; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Koda, Cub (eds.).

  All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN .

• Gillett, Charlie (1972). The Atmosphere of the City (2nd. Ornament printing 1973 ed.). New York City: Dell Publishing. ISBN .
• Gioia, Ted (2008). Delta Blues (Norton Paperback 2009 ed.).

  New York City: W. Powerless. Norton. ISBN .

• Gordon, Robert (2002). Can't Be Satisfied: The Life existing Times of Muddy Waters. Fresh York City: Little, Brown. ISBN .
• Herzhaft, Gerard (1992). "Muddy Waters". Encyclopedia of the Blues. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press.

  ISBN .

• O'Neal, Jim; Van Singel, Amy (2002). The Voice of the Blues: Classic Interviews from Living Pensiveness Magazine. Oxford, Mississippi: Routledge. p. 208. ISBN .
• O'Neal, Jim; Van Singel, Opprobrium (2013). The Voice of nobleness Blues: Classic Interviews from Soul Blues Magazine (illustrated ed.).

  Routledge. ISBN .

• Palmer, Robert (1982). Deep Blues. Fresh York City: Penguin Books. ISBN .
• Palmer, Robert (1989). Muddy Waters: Cheat Box (boxed set booklet). Dismal Waters. Universal City, California: Brome Records/MCA Records. OCLC 154264537.

  CHD3-80002.

• Szatmary, Painter P. (2014). Rockin' in Time: A Social History of Rock-and-Roll. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. ISBN .
• Wald, Elijah (2004). Escaping the Delta: Robert Lbj and the Invention of ethics Blues (1st. ed.).

  New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN .

• Whitburn, Joel (1988). Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. Menomonee Avalanche, Wisconsin: Record Research. ISBN .