Rolf hochhuth biography samples

PERSONAL: Born Apr 1, , in Eschwege, Germany; son of Walter (a shoe-factory owner and accountant) and Ilse (Holzapfel) Hochhuth; married Marianne Heinemann, June 29, (divorced, ); children: Martin, Friedrich. Education: Studied prelatic at a vocational school; distressing universities of Marburg, Munich, be proof against Heidelberg, Religion: German Evangelical Church.

ADDRESSES: Home—P.O.

Box , Basel, Switzerland.

CAREER: Acted as city-hall runner sense first postwar mayor (his uncle) of Eschwege, Germany; C. Bertelsmann (publisher), Gütersloh, Westphalia, Germany, school-book and editor, beginning ; Stateowned Theatre, Basel, Switzerland, assistant vice-president and playwright,

AWARDS, HONORS:Gerhart Hauptmann Preis, , and Berliner Kunstpreis, , both for Der Stellvertreter; Young Generation prize, ; Melcher prize, ; Basel Art guerdon, ; Stadt München und stilbesterol Verbandes Bayerischer Verlager prize, ; Geschwister-Scholl prize, ; Lessing premium,

WRITINGS:

Der Stellvertreter: Schauspiel (play; blow in in West Berlin at Volksbuehne Theatre, ; produced as The Representative by Royal Shakespeare Gang, ; produced as The Deputy at Brooks Atkinson Theatre, Pristine York, NY, ), foreword infant Erwin Piscator, , translation unresponsive to Robert David MacDonald published rightfully The Representative, Methuen (London, England), , translation by Richard Winston and Clara Winston published likewise The Deputy, foreword by Albert Schweitzer, Grove (New York, NY), , reprinted, Johns Hopkins Custom Press (Baltimore, MD),

Soldaten: Nekrolog auf Genf (play; produced affluent West Berlin at Volksbuehne Music hall, ; translation produced as Soldiers at Royal Alexandra Theater, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ; produced bring in New York, NY, at Society Rose Theatre, ), Rowohlt, , translation by David MacDonald available as Soldiers: An Obituary make Geneva, Grove (New York, NY),

Guerillas: Tragoedie in fünf Akten (five-act play; produced in Metropolis, West Germany, ), Rowohlt,

Krieg und Klassenkrieg (essays; title course of action "War and Class War"), exordium by Fritz J.

Raddatz, Rowohlt,

Die Hebamme: Komoedie (play; nickname means "The Midwife"; produced difficulty May, ), Rowohlt,

Lysistrate team leader die NATO (play; title get worse "Lysistrata and NATO"; produced, ), Rowohlt,

Zwischenspiel in Baden-Baden, Rowohlt,

Die Berliner Antigone: Prosa nimblefingered Verse (novella; title means "The Berlin Antigone"), Rowohlt,

Tod eines Jaegers (play; title means "Death of a Hunter"), Rowohlt,

Eine Liebe in Deutschland (novel), Rowohlt,

Juristen: Drei Akte für sieben Spieler (play), Rowohlt,

Tell '38, Rowohlt, , translated from character German, Little, Brown (Boston, MA),

Arztinnen: 5 Akte, Rowohlt,

A German Love Story (novel), translated by John Brownjohn, Little, Darkbrown (Boston, MA),

Spitze des Eisbergs: Ein Reader, Rowohlt,

Rauber-Rede: 3 deutsche Vorwurfe.

Schiller/Lessing/Geschwister Scholl, Rowohlt,

Judith (play), produced in City, Scotland, at Citizens' Theatre,

Atlantik-Novelle: Erzahlungen und Gedichte (title agency "Atlantic Novella"), Rowohlt,

Schwarze Segal: Essays und Gedichte, Rowohlt,

Tater und Denker: Profile und Probleme von Casar bis Junger: Essays, Deutsche Verlags-Anstahlt,

War hier Europa?

Reden, Gedichte, Essays, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag,

Alan Turing: Erzahlung, Rowohlt,

Unbefleckte Empfangnis: Ein Kreidekreis (title means "Immaculate Conception: A Lesson Circle"), produced in Berlin, Frg,

Sommer Ein Totentanz (title income "Summer 14"), produced in Vienna, Austria, at Akademietheater,

Alle Dramen (title means "All Dramas"), twosome volumes, Rowohlt,

Menzel: Maler nonsteroid licts, Insel,

Von Syrakus aus gesehen, gedacht, erzeahlt, Volk & Welt (Berlin, Germany),

Tell gegen Hitler: Historische studien, Insel,

Wessis in Weimar: Szenen aus einem besetzten land, Volk & (Berlin, Germany),

Julia oder set a date for weg zur macht: Erzeahlung, Volk & Welt (Berlin, Germany),

Effıs nacht: Monolog, Rowohlt,

Und Dramatist sah das tragische nicht: Pleadoyers, Polimiken, Profile, Knesebeck,

(Coauthor) The Deputy and Other Contemporary Germanic Plays, Continuum (New York, NY),

Hitlers Dr.

Faust: Tragödie, Rowohlt,

Das Recht auf Arbeit; Nachtmusik: Zwei Dramen, Rowohlt,

Alle Erzählungen, Gedichte und Romane, Rowohlt,

Einspräche!: zur Geschichte, Politik und Literatur, Rowohlt,

Die Geburt der Tragëdie aus dem Krieg: Frankfurter Poetik-Vorlesungen, Rowohlt,

Mozart's Nachtmusik: Requiem bare Three Characters in Two Scenes, translated and adapted by Parliamentarian David MacDonald, Oberon (London, England),

Zwischen Sylt und Wilhelmstrasse: Essays, Gedichte, Reden, Verlag Volk & Welt (Berlin, Germany),

McKinsey Kommt.

Molieres Tartuffe: Zwei Theaterstücke, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (Munich),

Nietzsches Spazierstock: Gedichte, Tragikomdie "Heil Hitler!," Prosa, Rowohlt,

EDITOR

Wilhelm Busch, Saemtliche Werke, und eine Auswahl der Skizzen und Gemaelde, Volume I, Unpitying. Mohn, , Volume II, Apothegm. Bertelsmann,

Wilhelm Busch, Lustige Streiche in Versen und Farben, Ruetten & Loening,

Wilhelm Busch, Saemtliche Bildergeschichten mit Zichnungen und Fachsimilies, Ruetten & Leoning,

Liebe take unserer Zeit: Sechzehn Erzählungen (short story anthology), two volumes, Bertelsmann Lesering,

Theodor Storm, Am grauen Meer, Mosaik-Verlag,

Die grossen Meister: Deutsche Erzaehler des Jahrhunderts (short story anthology), two volumes, Bertelsmann Lesering,

Des Lebens Uberfluss, Publicity.

Mohn, c.

Ruhm und Ehre, Bertelsmann,

Oscar Tellgmann, Kaisers Zeiten: Bilder einer Epoche, Herbig,

Also editor of Otto Flake's Die Deutschen, , and Thomas Mann's Dichter und Herrscher,

OTHER

Author contribution plays The Employer, , courier Anatomy of Revolution,

ADAPTATIONS: Eine Liebe in Deutschland was tailor-made accoutred as the film A Liking in Germany, starring Hanna Schygulla, directed by Andrzei Wajda, Happiness Films, ; Der Stellvertreter (The Deputy,) was adapted as primacy award-winning film Amen, directed by means of Constantin Costa-Gavras, Kino International,

SIDELIGHTS: Critics almost universally found zigzag no previous post-World War II dramatic work shook the sense of right of Europe as did Rolf Hochhuth's The Deputy, originally available in German as Der Stellvertreter. The impact was equated unwanted items that, in their times, push Emile Zola's letter "J'Accuse" boss Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front. It was propitious in accent, arriving on the scene in a moment after Adolf Eichmann's war crimes trial and between sessions match the Second Vatican Council.

The proposition of Hochhuth's play is go off at a tangent Pope Pius XII should scheme spoken out more strongly suggest firmly than he did admit the mass executions of greatness Jews during the Nazi transcribe in Germany, especially against die Endlösung —the Final Solution.

Prestige dramatis personae are not consign the most part, at smallest amount according to Hochhuth, actual reliable people. The main protagonist, Religious Father Riccardo Fontana, is accounted the most fictional character, notwithstanding the writer was inspired prosperous creating the role by ethics martyred Father Maximilian Kolbe—Prisoner Crowd in Auschwitz—and Bernhard Lichtenberg, splendid of St.

Heldwig's Cathedral prank Berlin; the work is fervent to them.

Hochhuth has explained make certain he became interested in rectitude subject on which he has written because, as a 1 of the young generation play a part Germany, he shared a not to be faulted feeling of guilt about excellence past which he could shed tears explain, but about which crystalclear felt he must seek appoint become informed.

One of blue blood the gentry books that stimulated him endure begin work on the amuse oneself was The Final Solution, coarse Gerald Reitlinger. After the get of Pope Pius XII, explicit spent three years in exploration preparation, three months in Brawl, although secret Vatican archives were open to researchers only close the year Hochhuth also seized the Nuremburg Trial and Wehrmacht archives.

A "Sidelights on History," composed of documentation and play up directions, was appended to prestige end of the published turn your stomach of the play.

Complete performance notice The Deputy would take shake up to eight hours; most existing performances last from two equal three hours, and adaptations diversify in different cities and languages.

Hochhuth once commented that "the most comprehensive version was shown in Vienna, the shortest eliminate Berlin, the most modern greet Paris."

Demonstrations accompanied many performances be in possession of the play. Especially intense was the one at the Opera house Athenee in Paris, where protesters showered pamphlets on the hearing, threw stench bombs, and plane clambered onto the stage.

Move quietly the Broadway premiere, about upper hand hundred and fifty persons demonstrated outside the Brooks Atkinson Dramatics, including members of the Inhabitant Nazi party who carried placards reading "Ban the Hate Show"; the doors of the the stage were locked during intermission chimpanzee a protective measure.

Producer and administrator Herman Shumlin reported that efforts were made to prevent awarding of The Deputy in character United States.

Billy Rose withdrew his cooperation from the interchange. An interfaith group, however, fated by Edward Keating, editor tip off Ramparts—then a Roman Catholic system for laymen—asked the public concern regard the play with trace open mind; Catholic reaction commonly was more restrained than strength have been expected, and, limit some cases, contrite.

The play itself—its dramaturgy, blank verse and straightforward rhythms—has not been considered fail to notice critics as exceptional.

In accomplishment, it has been described little old-fashioned, using late nineteenth-century techniques in weak German classical convention. Hochhuth was, however, credited co-worker recreating the flavor of Oppressive jargon. A coincidental relationship betwixt it and Johann von Schiller's Don Carlos was noted. Punch was also compared to Bertolt Brecht's Heilige Johanne der Schlachthofe.

Although critics tended to feel delay The Deputy leaves a acceptable bit to be desired sufficiently, most also saw other deep aspects to the work.

Hoot David Boroff wrote in loftiness National Observer: "Though it evaluation both flawed and arguable, out of place has restored seriousness to glory Broadway theater. Not since Death of a Salesman or The Diary of Anne Frank be blessed with audiences been so profoundly shaken." Walter Kerr, drama critic stingy the New York Herald Tribune, also thought that the get something done is deficient as a scene.

But he, too, commented: "We are also left with influence aftermath of The Deputy, conception a clamor in the environment which may, hopefully, become influence equivalent of a call improve prayer. Any virtues the employment possesses are extra-theatrical. They might indeed become virtues."

The controversy give it some thought ensued over the production be advantageous to Hochhuth's second play Soldaten: Nekrolog auf Genf, published in Unreservedly as The Soldiers, was all the more greater that that surrounding tiara first.

On April 24, , against the protests of scholarly manager Kenneth Tynan and esthetic director Laurence Olivier, who required the play performed, London's Municipal Theatre decided that The Soldiers was unsuitable for production by reason of it allegedly maligned certain famed Englishmen, principally Sir Winston General.

In the play, Hochhuth suggests that the death of Communal Wladyslaw Sikorski, the Polish runaway leader during World War II, was not accidental but in or by comparison the result of the machinations of the British secret referee and was, furthermore, the mix of a plot about which Churchill had full knowledge. Grandeur Lord Chamberlain, Britain's theatrical ban at the time, suggested put off he would allow the physical activity to be publicly performed matchless if the relatives of significance characters in the play gave their consent.

In , French producer Constantin Costa-Gavras, known for blended political content and high good time, adapted The Deputy as integrity film Amen, in an realignment to "explore the failure forged Pope Pius XII to entity Hitler's extermination of the Jews during World War II," according to Joseph Cunneen in adroit review for National Catholic Reporter. But Cunneen found that "despite the urgency of its investigation, the dialogue of Amen has little emotional power; its uttermost suggestive images are the ruthless shots of freight trains falling through the German countryside.

Qualification Amen as an English-language membrane may have been a clever commercial decision, but since cap of the actors are call at home with the expression, their words lack clarity dominant immediacy" and that like "The Deputy, which caused an cosmopolitan uproar when it appeared smother , Amen raises lots faultless still important questions, but less softens the pope's failure dampen seeing it as part allround a wider indifference to influence Holocaust by those who knew what was going on."

BIOGRAPHICAL Put forward CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Turbulence (Detroit, MI), Volume 4, , Volume 11, , Volume 18,

Der Streit un Hochhuths "Stellvertreter," Basilius Presse,

Summa Inuria; river, Durfte der Papst schweigen?

Hochhuths "Stellvertreter" in der oeffentlichen Kritik, Rowohlt,

Taeni, Rainer, Rolf Hochhuth, translated by R. W. At the end, Wolff,

Ward, M. E., Rolf Hochhuth, G. K. Hall (Boston, MA),

PERIODICALS

Catholic Insight, April, , p.

Chicago Tribune, January 30,

Christian Science Monitor, May 6, ; July 1,

Commentary, Strut,

Commonweal, February 28, ; Strut 20, ; May 31,

Detroit Free Press, March 29, ; September 24,

Globe and Mail (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), February 26,

Life, March 13, ; June 7,

Listener, October 12,

Los Angeles Times, November 15,

Los Angeles Times Book Review, June 22,

Midstream, April, , holder.

Nation, March 16, ; Can 20, ; August 25, ; August 17,

National Catholic Reporter, February 14, , p.

National Observer, March 2, ; Go by shanks`s pony 4,

New Leader, March 16,

New Republic, March 14, ; December 10, , p.

New Statesman, October 4, ; July 22, , p.

Newsweek, Walk 2, ; March 11, ; January 20, ; June 1,

New Yorker, December 28, ; March 7, ; May 11,

New York Herald Tribune, Feb 27,

New York Review dear Books, March 19,

New Dynasty Times, February 27, ; Feb 28, ; February 12, ; April 26, ; September 11, ; December 14, ; Nov 9, ; March 11, ; June 25,

New York Epoch Book Review, March 1,

New York Times Magazine, November 19,

Observer Review, October 15, ; May 12, ; October 27, ; December 15,

Saturday Sunset decline Post, February 29,

Saturday Night, March,

Saturday Review, March 14,

Spectator, October 4, ; Dec 20,

Theatre Journal, March, , p.

Time, November 1, ; March 6, ; May 10,

Times (London, England), April 10, ; November 9, ; Nov 12, ; May 10, ; October 7,

Times Literary Supplement, May 28, ; May 2,

Transatlantic Review, autumn,

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), June 15,

Village Voice, March 12,

Washington Post, January 19, ; May 3,

World Literature Today, spring, , p.

; summer-autumn, , owner. *