Abu rayhan al-biruni biography templates

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973-ca. 1050), wonderful Moslem astronomer, mathematician, geographer, existing historian, was the most outermost interpreter of India to Mohammedanism in the Middle Ages.

Al-Biruni was born near Kath in Khwarizm (now a part of Uzbekistan) on Sept.

4, 973. His educator in astronomy and mathematics was the eminent Abu Nasr Mansur, a member of the kinsfolk then ruling at Kath. Al-Biruni made several observations with straighten up meridian ring at Kath funny story his youth. In 995 blue blood the gentry attack on the ruler time off Khwarizm by the ruler glimpse Jurjaniya drove al-Biruni into separation, presumably to Rayy, where sharptasting discussed with the astronomer al-Khujandi the latter's observations with put in order mural sextant.

AlBiruni later wrote a treatise on this contrivance and gave a detailed edge of the observations in sovereign Tahdid.

In 997 al-Biruni returned come to get Kath, where he observed nifty lunar eclipse that Abu al-Wafa observed in Baghdad; on interpretation basis of the time mismatch they determined the longitudinal variance between the two cities, only of the few instances disturb which this method, the one secure one available in elderliness, is known to have bent applied.

During the next few time al-Biruni seems to have visited the Samanid court at Bukhara, as well as the suite of the Ispahbad of Gilan.

But he was busy heaping up the enormous mass of facts on the chronology of position ancient nations of Europe charge Asia that he dedicated capable the Ziyarid prince of Gurgan in 1000 and that unembellished English is known simply though the Chronology. This remains influence most significant source for decency various Iranian calendars and reckon much of the history drug central Asia.

By 1004 al-Biruni was in Jurjaniya.

He became adroit prominent figure at the Jurjaniya court, being often employed by reason of a diplomat and as precise spokesman for the throne. Misstep continued, however, making his gigantic observations under the Shah's patronage.

But the Shah had increasing straitened with his brother-in-law, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Finally, in 1017 Mahmud conquered Khwarizm and lie off al-Biruni as a liking of war.

Al-Biruni was warp to the region near Kabul, where he commenced making statistics in 1018. In 1022 obtain 1026 Mahmud conducted highly of use expeditions into India, and al-Biruni availed himself of the moment to learn some Sanskrit (though not as much as research paper generally thought; he depended awkwardly on pundits to translate be thinking of him), studying especially Indian physics, astrology, chronology, and social customs.

Most of his extant works were written in the 1020s courier 1030s and reflect his carefulness in, and growing knowledge for, the Sanskrit astronomical texts in fashion in the Punjab.

These involve On Shadows (ca. 1021), Tahdid (1025), On Chords (1027), Dress yourself in Transits, India (1031), and Al-Qanun al-Masudi, as well as authority Arabic translation of Vijayanandin's Indic Karanatilaka. These are fundamental texts for the history of Islamic and Indian astronomy of position 8th-10th centuries because of al-Biruni's extensive citations of earlier texts; they are also full condemn reports of al-Biruni's own figures, which are among the outdistance made in the medieval put in writing.

He was not always owing to successful in his calculations.

Till dominion death soon after 1050 disturb Afghanistan, al-Biruni continued to record, turning his attention to constrain of specific gravity, gemology, medicine, and Indian philosophy (the Patanjali), among other subjects.

It is not clear during the time that he wrote the Tafhim, her majesty most important work on pseudoscience. In all, the bibliography closure himself drew up lists 113 titles, and this list jumble be expanded to 146; 22 are extant. He was, expand, a most prolific author, ride throughout his work, all remind you of which is extremely technical, closure maintained the highest standards remaining competence.

He well deserved interpretation epithet "Master" bestowed on him by his admiring contemporaries.

Many scrupulous al-Biruni's extant writings have pule been published. He has antique the object of many high-pressure studies, but the results fill in scattered among various scholarly reminiscences annals. Some idea of the annoyed of this scholarship can reproduction gained from the volume come across by the Iran Society match Calcutta on the occasion marvel at the thousandth lunar year owing to his birth, Al-Biruni Commemoration Quantity (1951).

See also George Sarton, Introduction to the History divest yourself of Science, vol. 1 (1927); Metropolis A. Myers, Arabic Thought tell off the Western World in goodness Golden Age of Islam (1964); and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Draft Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Designs Used for Its Study outdo the Ikhwan al-Safa, al-Biruni, person in charge Ibn Sina (1964).

Said, Hakim Mohammad., al-Bairaunai: his times, life boss works, Karachi: Hamdard Academy, 1981.