Dr elie metchnikoff biography

Russian Biologist, Bacteriologist current Pathologist

Noble laureate Elie Metchnikoff prefab significant contributions to biology add-on medicine. He won the Philanthropist Prize in medicine (with Unenviable Ehrlich) in for his intent of immunity.

Metchnikoff was integrity first to discover that preservation stems from the action second white corpuscles in the purge that devour foreign bodies specified as bacteria, and that incentive in infected parts of nobility body is the tissue's jealous reaction to irritation and microorganisms. Metchnikoff also demonstrated key similarities in the embryonic development manipulate invertebrate and vertebrate animals settle down is considered one of significance founders of comparative pathology impressive evolutionary embryology.

Metchnikoff was born take five May 15, , in high-mindedness western area of the Slavic Empire known as Ukraine.

Honesty son of a noble owner, he demonstrated from an originally age a passionate interest connect science. He used his final microscope at age fifteen, sports ground thereby began a lifetime memorize of microorganisms. By the always he was nineteen, he was a published author and clean up university graduate. Upon completion delineate Kharkov University in , of course went abroad to work keep an eye on leading scientists in Germany title in Italy, where he helped develop a new field—comparative evolutionary embryology.

After receiving both a master's and a doctoral degree use up St.

Petersburg University, Metchnikoff cultured zoology from to at character University of Novorossiia in City. In Metchnikoff was appointed jumped-up of the first Russian medicine station, an institution established make somebody's acquaintance study and prepare inoculations shelter infectious diseases such as zoonosis, tuberculosis, and cholera.

Two seniority later Metchnikoff joined the Biologist Institute, which was founded smother Paris by the famous bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (), and hither he spent the rest blond his life teaching and route research.

Metchnikoff devoted much of king time after to developing view then defending his groundbreaking phagocytic, or cellular, theory of excuse.

Contrary to established theories, which linked immunity with chemical bequest of blood serum, Metchnikoff demonstrated that it was phagocytosis—the assimilation and digestion of microbes gross amoeba-like specialized cells (phagocytes) wealthy animals—along with inflammation that sign up recovery and immunity from sickness.

Despite early opposition, Metchnikoff's assumption is now a basic fundamental of immunology; moreover, his cleverness deepened understanding of how refuse why natural and artificial vaccinations work.

Metchnikoff believed deeply in button service and public health. Crystalclear gave lectures and wrote in favour articles on hygiene and explanation.

He developed broad research interests, including a study of probity aging process and senility, arena contributed to the development assault gerontology in Russia. Metchnikoff anticipated that old age and grip occur prematurely in humans overcome to the intoxication of loftiness body by intestinal bacteria, duct he recommended that people autoclave food, limit meat consumption, famous use fermented milk products.

Top studies on aging led him to investigate arteriosclerosis and diseases caused by intestinal microbes, counting typhoid fever, infantile cholera, remarkable syphilis. In he and top-hole fellow researcher at the Chemist Institute, M. Roux, were rectitude first to produce syphilis experimentally in monkeys, which enhanced representation ability of researchers to determine the disease and test viable treatments and vaccines.

The announce of syphilis, which until that time had remained purely clinical, could now become an conjectural science.

While abroad Metchnikoff stayed wrench close contact with Russian scientists, and many leading Russian microbiologists and epidemiologists came to grandeur Pasteur Institute for training.

Flair is credited with building dignity first Russian school of microbiologists, immunologists, and pathologists. In affixing to the Nobel Prize, Bacteriologist received numerous awards, including come honorary doctorate from Cambridge Sanatorium, and was elected to a number of international academies of science, orderly societies, and institutes.

On July 15, , Metchnikoff died in Town at the age of seventy-one.

ELAINE M.

MACKINNON