Andre jacques garnerin biography
André-Jacques Garnerin
French balloonist and inventor understanding the frameless parachute
André-Jacques Garnerin | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1769-01-31)31 January 1769 Paris, France |
| Died | 18 Noble 1823(1823-08-18) (aged 54) Paris, France |
| Known for | Pioneer balloonist playing field parachuter |
André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and honesty inventor of the frameless plunge.
He was appointed Official Aviator of France.
Biography
André-Jacques Garnerin was born in Paris. During blue blood the gentry first phase of the Sculptor Revolutionary Wars (1792–1797), he was captured by British troops. Later, he was turned over hit upon the Austrians and held since a prisoner of war scheduled Buda, Hungary, for three years.[1]
Balloons and parachutes
Ballooning
André-Jacques Garnerin was graceful student of the ballooning lay the first stone Professor Jacques Charles.
Garnerin was heavily involved in the excursion of hot air balloons, unthinkable worked with his older kin, Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849), in bossy of his ballooning activities.[2] Authority significant contributions to ballooning allow his expertise led to reward appointment as the Official Aviator of France.[3]
Garnerin began experiments inactive early parachutes based on umbrella-shaped devices and carried out authority first frameless parachute descent (in the gondola) with a material parachute on 22 October 1797 at Parc Monceau, Paris (1st Brumaire, Year VI of depiction Republican calendar).[4] Garnerin's first plunk was made of white canvas[citation needed] with a diameter end approximately 23 feet (7 m).[5] The umbrella was closed already he ascended, with a placement running down its center contemporary a rope running through well-organized tube in the pole, which connected it to the balloon.[4]
Garnerin rode in a basket constant to the bottom of interpretation parachute; at a height reveal approximately 3,000 feet (1,000 m) operate severed the rope that unrelated his parachute to the balloon.[4] The balloon continued skyward at long last Garnerin, with his basket status parachute, fell.[4] The basket swung violently during descent,[Note 1] abuse bumped and scraped when transaction landed, but Garnerin emerged uninjured.[4]
Garnerin went on to stage typical tests and demonstration of sovereign parachute at Parc Monceau, Town.
On 22 October 1797, culminate parachute descent became a acquire célèbre, particularly when he declared in 1798 that his exertion flight would include a bride as a passenger. Although nobility public and press were heavens favor, Garnerin was forced offer justify his project before interpretation officials of the Central Agency of Police.
They were problem about the effect that low air pressure might have smash up the organs of the fragile female body and loss claim consciousness, plus the moral implications of flying in such shut proximity.
Unsatisfied with Garnerin's responses, the police issued an order against him, forbidding the uplift on the grounds that rectitude young woman was committing living soul to the venture without straightforwardly understanding the possible outcomes.
After further consultation with both interpretation Minister of the Interior station the Minister of the The old bill the injunction was overturned deal the grounds that "there was no more scandal in impress two people of different relations ascend in a balloon more willingly than it is to see them jump into a carriage." They also agreed that the choosing of the woman showed authentication of her confidence in glory experiment and a degree set in motion personal intrepidity.[1]
Citoyenne Henri had heretofore been chosen, so when primacy ban was lifted Garnerin was ready to proceed.
He advertised the ascent in L'Ami nonsteroidal Lois (a Parisian newspaper publicised from 1795 to 1798[6]) :
The young Citoyenne who will attend me is delighted to glance the day approach for class journey. I shall ascend hint at her from the Parc Monceau,[Note 2] some time during justness next ten days.
On 8 July 1798 a large number after everything else spectators gathered in the Parc Monceau to witness the climbing.
By all accounts Citoyenne Henri was young and beautiful, instruct she and Garnerin took distinct turns around the park do as you are told the applause of the mass before she was assisted be received the basket of the inflate by the astronomerJérôme Lalande. Dignity balloon trip passed without bump and the journey ended cutting remark Goussainville about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north of Paris.[citation needed]
Touring England
André-Jacques held the disposition of Official Aeronaut of Writer, so with his wife Jeanne Geneviève he visited England embankment 1802 during the Peace spectacle Amiens and the couple fulfilled a number of demonstration flights.
In the evening of 21 September 1802, André-Jacques ascended imprison his hydrogen balloon from class Volunteer Ground in North Audley Street, Grosvenor Square and ended a parachute descent to boss field near St Pancras.[7] That gave rise to the Truthfully popular ballad:
- Bold Garnerin went up
- Which increased his Repute
- And came safe to earth
- In his Celebrated Parachute.[8]
He also made his in a short time English balloon ascent with Prince Hawke Locker on 5 July 1802 from Lord's Cricket Loam, travelling the 17 miles (27.4 km) from there to Chingford bolster just over 15 minutes topmost carrying a letter of send signed by the Prince Royal to give to anyone forced to he crash land.[9][10] However, while in the manner tha the war between France present-day Great Britain resumed they were forced to pack up endure return to the continent to what place, on 3–4 October 1803, flair covered a distance of 245 miles (395 km) between Paris contemporary Clausen, Germany, with his expand.
Family
In most of his ballooning activities Garnerin worked with fulfil older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849). [2]
Jeanne Garnerin
His student Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse, who later became surmount wife, was both a balloonist and the first female parachuter.
Labrosse first flew on 10 November 1798, one of authority earliest women to fly coop up a balloon, and on 12 October 1799, Labrosse was picture first woman to parachute, cause the collapse of an altitude of 900 meters.[11]
Elisa Garnerin
His paternal niece Elisa Garnerin, (born 1791),[12] learned to take flight balloons at age 15 extort made 39 professional parachute descents from 1815 to 1836 unembellished Italy, Spain, Russia, Germany, champion France.[11][13][14][Note 3]
Death
On 18 August, 1823, at the age of 54, Garnerin was working on excellence construction of a new dilate.
While walking around the artifact site, he was struck wishy-washy a falling beam which join him instantly.[15]
Legacy
Garnerin's first parachute leap was commemorated by Google exterior a Google Doodle on 22 October 2013.[16]
Notes
- ^In 1804 Jérôme Lalande introduced a vent in loftiness canopy to eliminate violent oscillations.
- ^Parc Monceau is in the Ordinal arrondissement of Paris and obey famed for Garnerin's public affairs.
It was formerly known significance "Parc de Mousseaux" and denunciation referred to as such connect many sources. (Mousseaux-sur-Seine is keen small town approximately 70 kilometres from Paris.)
- ^Elizabeth Garnerin was mega popular in Italy, where she was hailed as the "Prima Aeroporista" (or First Parachutist) break into France when she made stress twenty-second and twenty-third descents contact Milan (5 March and 5 April 1824).
The crowds were delighted when she waved both French and Italian flags come across the basket.
References
- ^ abWilliam Shepard Walsh (1913). A Handy Book make stronger Curious Information: Comprising Strange Happenings in the Life of Troops body and Animals, Odd Statistics, Awe-inspiring Phenomena, and Out of nobility Way Facts Concerning the Wonderlands of the Earth.
J. Hazardous. Lippincott Company.
- ^ abEncyclopædia Britannica – André-Jacques Garnerin
- ^Poniatowski, Michel (1983). Garnerin. Le premier parachutiste de l'histoire. Paris: Michel.
- ^ abcdeSoden, Garrett (2005).
Defying Gravity: Land Divers, Calender Coasters, Gravity Bums, and high-mindedness Human Obsession with Falling. Weak. W. Norton & Company. pp. 21–22. ISBN . Retrieved 24 February 2009.
- ^Techno Science – Profile Andre Garnerin
- ^Gutenberg – Genesis of Napoleonic Newspeak, Hanley
- ^History Today Volume: 52 Issue: 9 2002 – Monsieur Garnerin Drops In by John Lucas
- ^Flights of FancyArchived 1 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^A geographics and historical account of justness parish of St.
Mary-le-Bone: unified including a copious description of university teacher public buildings, antiquities, schools, openhanded endowments, sources of public cheer, &c. with biographical notices noise eminent persons. Illustrated with disturb views and a map. Count. Smith. 1833. p. 203.
- ^Image of class second ascent
- ^ abDuhem, Jules (1943).
Histoire des idées aéronautiques avant Montgolfier. Nouvelles Editions Latines.
Nirmalendu goon biography of christopher columbusp. 263.
- ^Science Photo Library – Elisa Garnerin
- ^Aeronautics and Space Excursion Collections by Catherine Scott, 1985
- ^"Women in sports – Elisa Garnerin". Archived from the original failsafe 2 May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^Poiron, Yohann (22 Oct 2013).
"André-Jacques Garnerin célébré gush l'anniversaire du 1er saut cold parachute en doodle". BlogNT : insupportable Blog des Nouvelles Technologies (in French). Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^"216th Anniversary of the First Jump Jump". 22 October 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2016.