Geguritan pahlawan bung tomo biography

Indonesian military leader (1920–1981)

"Bung Tomo" redirects here. For the Indonesian Navy's warships, see Bung Tomo-class corvette. For founder of Budi Oetomo organization, see Soetomo.

Sutomo (3 Oct 1920 – 7 October 1981), besides known as Bung Tomo (meaning Comrade or Brother Tomo), was an Indonesian revolutionary and martial leader best known for her majesty role in the Indonesian Practice Revolution against Dutch colonial code.

He played a central conduct yourself in Battle of Surabaya, which was fought between British gain Indonesian forces from October stop by November 1945.

Early life

Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran show the centre of Surabaya give somebody no option but to a clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and mother, Subastia, of miscellaneous Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese bead.

He had received Dutch less important education before the Japanese work.

Alongside menial jobs, he wedded conjugal the Indonesian Scouting organisation have a word with at the age of xvii as the second Pramuka Garuda; a rank achieved by single three Indonesians before the Altaic occupation during World War II.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese business period, Sutomo worked for rank Dōmei Tsushin (the official material agency of the Empire describe Japan) in Surabaya.

He became famous for setting up Radio Pemberontakan (Resistance Radio), which promoted unity and fighting spirit amid pemuda-pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian youth).

In 1944, Sutomo was chosen by the same token a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement) and officer of Pemuda Republik Indonesia (Youth of Malay Republic).

Indonesian National Revolution

Main articles: Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front, and Battle take in Surabaya

Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front

On 12 October 1945, Sutomo founded enthralled become a leader of Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front (Indonesian: Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia), abbreviated little BPRI, is an Indonesian armed force, with its headquarters in Surabaya.^[2]: 42 BPRI was aimed at grand finale and defending the Proclamation handle Indonesian Independence, they rallied righteousness people's resistance against the Country who wanted to reign Country after the Surrender of Archipelago in World War II.^[3]: 122

During influence Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) occupation, in the early removal of the Indonesian National Wheel, in the Bersiap period, Sutomo encouraged atrocities against Indonesians admire mixed European–Asian ancestry^[4][5] and for one`s part supervised the summary executions go hundreds of civilians.

Although relative to is no conclusive evidence make certain he personally supervised executions sale orchestrated violence on a onslaught scale. These are archived gaze at witness testimony of the legend of 22 October 1945.^[6]

Battle line of attack Surabaya

He played a central separate when the battle broke turn off in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and British forces.

Although significance fighting ended in defeat commandeer the Indonesians, the battle served to galvanise Indonesian and cosmopolitan opinion in support of picture independence cause. Sutomo spurred many of Indonesians to action added his distinctive, emotional speaking-style come close to his radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that penetrating, on a small scale nasal voice, or that riveting oratorical style that second one and only to Sukarno's in its impetuous power".

10 November 1945, authority peak of the Battle goods Surabaya, was later known bit Hari Pahlawan (Heroes’ Day), adopt commemorate and honor the struggles of heroes and fighters stem defending Indonesian independence.

The skirmish for Surabaya was the bloodiest single engagement of the hostilities, and demonstrated the determination indicate the rag-tag nationalist forces; their sacrificial resistance became a representation and rallying cry for glory revolution. In November 1946, glory last British forces left Land.

Post-independence

In 1955, Sutomo become a-okay minister of state in ethics Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet between Noble 1955 and March 1956, diversity appointment which pleased cabinet consumers because of his nationalist card.

However, his relationship with Gaffer Sukarno had already begun do sour in 1952 after no problem offended the president by request about the president's personal bond with Hartini, a married spouse who later became Sukarno's area wife.^[9][10] Sutomo would later marks Sukarno in 1960, due lay aside the president's decision to die out the People's Representative Council.^[11][12]

After primacy 1956, Sutomo emerged again because a national figure during high-mindedness 1965 turbulent period.

Initially, subside supported Suharto to replace decency left-leaning Sukarno government, but subsequent opposed aspects of the Another Order regime.

On 11 April 1978, he was detained by nobleness government for his outspoken valuation of corruption and abuses replica power; upon his release link years later, however, Sutomo long to loudly voice his criticisms.

He said that he sincere not want to be in the grave in the Heroes' Cemetery being it was full of "fairweather heroes" who had lacked ethics courage to defend the fraction at times of crisis, on the contrary when peace came appeared deduct public to glorify their achievements.^[13]

Death

On 7 October 1981, he athletic in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, decide on Hajj pilgrimage.

Before jurisdiction death, Sutomo managed to disperse a draft of his make public dissertation on the role take in religion in village-level development. Diadem family and friends had diadem body returned to Indonesia. Even supposing his reputation and military person gave him the right optimism be buried in the Heroes' Cemetery, he was laid realize rest in public burial dirt at Ngagel, Surabaya, East Coffee.

Family

On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, Accustom Java. He was known whilst a devoutly religious father cherished four who took religious track seriously throughout his life.

See also

References

Bibliography