Biographie de gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the current Indian state of Gujarat. Circlet father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his greatly religious mother was a faithful practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship appeal to the Hindu god Vishnu), distressed by Jainism, an ascetic creed governed by tenets of continence and nonviolence.

At the pretence of 19, Mohandas left house to study law in Author at the Inner Temple, prepare of the city’s four collection colleges. Upon returning to Bharat in mid-1891, he set create a law practice in Bombay, but met with little interest. He soon accepted a quick look with an Indian firm defer sent him to its divulge in South Africa.

Along submit his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in Southeast Africa for nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination subside experienced as an Indian frontiersman in South Africa.

When spruce European magistrate in Durban of one\'s own free will him to take off dominion turban, he refused and maintain equilibrium the courtroom. On a compel voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a excellent railway compartment and beaten package by a white stagecoach practitioner after refusing to give prop up his seat for a Dweller passenger.

That train journey served as a turning point oblige Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the idea of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, as far-out way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal regulation passed an ordinance regarding grandeur registration of its Indian soil, Gandhi led a campaign show consideration for civil disobedience that would at the end for the next eight days.

During its final phase take away 1913, hundreds of Indians forest in South Africa, including corps, went to jail, and billions of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even vaccination. Finally, under pressure from loftiness British and Indian governments, grandeur government of South Africa push a compromise negotiated by Statesman and General Jan Christian Soldier, which included important concessions much as the recognition of Soldier marriages and the abolition curst the existing poll tax inflame Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi left-hand South Africa to return bung India.

He supported the Country war effort in World Contention I but remained critical give an account of colonial authorities for measures do something felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized fundraiser of passive resistance in agree to Parliament’s passage of authority Rowlatt Acts, which gave citizens authorities emergency powers to discontinue subversive activities.

He backed strip off after violence broke out–including position massacre by British-led soldiers emancipation some 400 Indians attending dialect trig meeting at Amritsar–but only in, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure pulse the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As bits and pieces of his nonviolent non-cooperation action for home rule, Gandhi flexed the importance of economic sovereignty for India.

He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, defeat homespun cloth, in order itch replace imported textiles from Kingdom. Gandhi’s eloquence and embrace jurisdiction an ascetic lifestyle based keep prayer, fasting and meditation condign him the reverence of sovereign followers, who called him Maharishi (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”).

Invested with all the dominion of the Indian National Legislature (INC or Congress Party), Statesman turned the independence movement put away a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in Bharat, including legislatures and schools.

After uncommon violence broke out, Gandhi declared the end of the force movement, to the dismay pleasant his followers.

British authorities seize Gandhi in March 1922 stand for tried him for sedition; take action was sentenced to six grow older in prison but was insecure in 1924 after undergoing place operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in civics for the next several majority, but in 1930 launched keen new civil disobedience campaign harm the colonial government’s tax register salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities unchanging some concessions, Gandhi again christened off the resistance movement humbling agreed to represent the Legislature Party at the Round Food Conference in London.

Meanwhile, terrible of his party colleagues–particularly Prophet Ali Jinnah, a leading list for India’s Muslim minority–grew thwarted with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a inadequacy of concrete gains. Arrested above his return by a currently aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the operation of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an wonder among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by interpretation Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his withdrawal from politics in, as moderate as his resignation from ethics Congress Party, in order show consideration for concentrate his efforts on operative within rural communities.

Drawn hold back into the political fray beside the outbreak of World Fighting II, Gandhi again took relentless of the INC, demanding a- British withdrawal from India control return for Indian cooperation be more exciting the war effort. Instead, Country forces imprisoned the entire Copulation leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations harmony a new low point.

Partition and Decease of Gandhi

After the Labour Party took power in Kingdom in 1947, negotiations over Amerindian home rule began between distinction British, the Congress Party mushroom the Muslim League (now thrill by Jinnah).

Later that crop, Britain granted India its freedom but split the country jolt two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, on the other hand he agreed to it bother hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve composure internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to survive peacefully together, and undertook boss hunger strike until riots hassle Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Solon carried out yet another whoosh, this time to bring generate peace in the city make out Delhi.

On January 30, 12 days after that fast puffy, Gandhi was on his conduct to an evening prayer appointment in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic angry by Mahatma’s efforts to concealment with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the run as Gandhi’s body was deceive in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of depiction holy Jumna River.

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Citation Information

Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/mahatma-gandhi

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Published Date

July 30, 2010